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380s BC

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This article concerns the period 389 BC – 380 BC.

Events

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389 BC

By place

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Greece
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Magna Grecia
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China
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  • Wu Qi, the prime minister of the State of Chu, enacts his first series of political, municipal, and martial reforms. Wu Qi gains the ire and distrust of Chu officials and aristocratic elite who are against his crusades to sweep up corruption in the state and limit their power. He is eventually assassinated in 381 BC at the funeral of King Diao of Chu, although his assassins are executed shortly after by the newly enthroned King Su of Chu.
  • This is the latest possible date for the compilation of the historical text Zuo Zhuan, attributed to a blind historian known as Zuo Qiuming.

388 BC

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By place

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Greece
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  • King Agesipolis I leads a Spartan army against Argos. Since no Argive army challenges him, he plunders the countryside for a time, and then, after receiving several unfavorable omens, returns to Sparta.
  • The Athenian general, Thrasybulus, sails to Lesbos, where, with the support of the Mytileneans, he defeats the Spartan forces on the island and wins over a number of cities. While still on Lesbos, however, Thrasybulus is killed by raiders from the city of Aspendus where his financial exactions have made him unpopular.
  • Concerned about the revival of Athenian imperialist ambitions, the Persian King Artaxerxes II and King Agesilaus II of Sparta enter into an alliance. Sparta also seeks and gains the support of Dionysius I of Syracuse.
  • Athens defeats Sparta[3]

By topic

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Art
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387 BC

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By place

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Greece
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  • Peace of Antalcidas (or "the king's peace") is brokered by Artaxerxes II. Under the Peace, all the Asiatic mainland and Cyprus remain under Persian control, Lemnos, Imbros, and Scyros remain Athenian dependencies, and all the other Greek states are to receive autonomy. By the King's Peace, the Persians become key players in Greek politics.
  • Under the threat of Spartan intervention, Thebes disbands its league, and Argos and Corinth end their shared government. Corinth is incorporated back into Sparta's Peloponnesian League.
Sicily and Adriatic
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  • With the aid of the Lucanians, Dionysius I of Syracuse devastates the territories of Thurii, Crotone, and Locri in mainland Italy. When Rhegium falls, Dionysius becomes the chief power in Greek Southern Italy. He then turns his attention to the Adriatic and founds the colonies of Ancona (Ankon) and Adria (Adrìa).
  • Plato is forced by Dionysius to leave Syracuse after having exercised the right of free speech too broadly. Plato returns to Athens, outside which he founds a school.
Roman Republic
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386 BC

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By place

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Persian Empire
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Sicily
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China
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385 BC

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By place

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Greece
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By topic

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Education
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Astronomy
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384 BC

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By place

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Greece
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383 BC

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By place

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Greece
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  • King Amyntas III of Macedon, forms a temporary alliance with the Chalcidian League, a confederation of cities of the Chalcidice peninsula, east of Macedonia. Sparta, whose policy is to keep Greeks disunited, sends an expedition northwards to disrupt the Chalcidian League.
  • The Spartan commander Phoebidas, who is passing through Boeotia on campaign, takes advantage of civil strife within Thebes to gain entrance to the city for his troops. Once inside, he seizes the Cadmeia (the citadel of Thebes), and forces the anti-Spartan party to flee the city. The government of Thebes is placed in the hands of the pro-Spartan party, backed by a Spartan garrison based in the Cadmeia. Many of the previous leaders of Thebes are driven into exile. Epaminondas, although associated with the anti-Spartan faction, is allowed to remain.

By topic

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Astronomy
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Religion
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382 BC

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By place

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Greece
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  • Pelopidas, a Theban general and statesman, flees to Athens and takes the lead in attempts to liberate Thebes from Spartan control.
  • In punishment for his unauthorized action in the previous year of taking over Thebes, Phoebidas is relieved of his command, but the Spartans continue to hold Thebes. The Spartan king Agesilaus II argues against punishing Phoebidas, on the grounds that his actions had benefited Sparta, and this was the only standard against which he ought to be judged.
  • Evandrus takes over being Archon of Athens from Demonstrates.

381 BC

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By place

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Persian Empire
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  • The Persian generals Tiribazus and Orontes invade Cyprus, with an army far larger than any King Evagoras of Cyprus could raise. However, Evagoras manages to cut off this force from being resupplied, and the starving troops rebel. However, the war then turns in the Persians' favour when Evagoras' fleet is destroyed at the Battle of Citium (Larnaca, Cyprus). Evagoras flees to Salamis, where he manages to conclude a peace which allows him to remain nominally king of Salamis, though in reality he is a vassal of the Persian king.
Greece
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  • Sparta increases its hold on central Greece by reestablishing the city of Plataea, which Sparta formerly destroyed in 427 BC.
Roman Republic
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  • The district of Tusculum is pacified after a revolt against Rome, and then conquered. After an expression of complete submission to Rome, Tusculum becomes the first "municipium cum suffragio", and thenceforth the city continues to hold the rank of a municipium.

380 BC

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By place

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Persian empire
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Egypt
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Greece
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By topic

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Art
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  • What some historians call the Rich style in Greece comes to an end.

Births

389 BC

388 BC

386 BC

385 BC

384 BC

383 BC

Aristotle 382 BC

380 BC

Deaths

388 BC

387 BC

386 BC

385 BC

382 BC

381 BC

380 BC

References

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  1. ^ Merker, Irwin L. (1989). "The Achaians in Naupaktos and Kalydon in the Fourth Century". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 58 (3): 303–311. doi:10.2307/148220. ISSN 0018-098X. JSTOR 148220.
  2. ^ Kremmydas, Christos; Tempest, Kathryn (2013-05-16). Hellenistic Oratory: Continuity and Change. OUP Oxford. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-19-162538-1.
  3. ^ "Chabrias". Encyclopædia Britannica. February 21, 2024. Retrieved February 25, 2024.
  4. ^ Cartage.org Archived August 26, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Platnauer, Maurice; Taplin, Oliver (January 19, 2024). "Aristophanes". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  6. ^ Amadio, Anselm H.; Kenney, Anthony J.P. (January 5, 2024). "Aristotle". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  7. ^ Vermaat, Peter J.R. "Philippos II van Macedonie". Genealogie Online.
  8. ^ Vermaat, Peter J.R. "Orontes I van Armenie". Genealogie Online.